Symfony Profiler

HTTP Client

2 Total requests

0 HTTP errors

Clients

http_client 2

Requests

POST	Search
Request options	["body" => "{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearch, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Query":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaQueryByInList, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","FieldName":"id","List":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":["haupt_verlag@9dd1f7e189884ade8d10a964ab1fc1"]},"Quoted":false},"QueryOptions":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaQueryOptions, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","OrderBy":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSort, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSort, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Field":"Price_Customer","SortOrder":0}]},"ReturnNumFound":true,"StatisticFields":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"Start":0,"Rows":1,"Facet":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaFacetParameter, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Queries":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.IMetaFacetQuery, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"Sort":true,"Limit":100,"Offset":0,"MinCount":0,"Missing":false},"FilterQueries":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.IMetaQuery, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"ExtraParams":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib"}},"CatalogSearchObject":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalogSearchObject, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Catalogs":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":32,"CatalogName":"","IsUserCatalog":false},{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":31,"CatalogName":"","IsUserCatalog":false,"UseReferenceCatalog":true,"ReferenceCatalogID":8,"ReferenceCatalogName":"","ReferenceIsUserCatalog":false,"References":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":["MEDIA","TEXT"]}},{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":1,"CatalogName":"haupt_verlag","IsUserCatalog":true}]},"Behaviour":1},"ConvertCoverUrls":true}" "headers" => [ "Content-Type" => "application/json" ]]
Response	200 ["info" => [ "header_size" => 257 "request_size" => 307 "total_time" => 1.05032 "namelookup_time" => 0.002162 "connect_time" => 0.016762 "pretransfer_time" => 0.070187 "size_upload" => 2393.0 "size_download" => 1457.0 "speed_download" => 1387.0 "speed_upload" => 2278.0 "download_content_length" => 1457.0 "upload_content_length" => 2393.0 "starttransfer_time" => 0.070384 "primary_ip" => "195.252.129.217" "primary_port" => 443 "local_ip" => "172.19.0.5" "local_port" => 36378 "http_version" => 3 "protocol" => 2 "scheme" => "HTTPS" "appconnect_time_us" => 69638 "connect_time_us" => 16762 "namelookup_time_us" => 2162 "pretransfer_time_us" => 70187 "starttransfer_time_us" => 70384 "total_time_us" => 1050320 "effective_method" => "POST" "capath" => "/etc/ssl/certs" "cainfo" => "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" "start_time" => 1775385385.2066 "original_url" => "https://app.eurosoft.net/esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search" "pause_handler" => Closure(float $duration) {#3710 class: "Symfony\Component\HttpClient\Response\CurlResponse" use: { $ch: CurlHandle {#3447 …} $multi: Symfony\Component\HttpClient\Internal\CurlClientState {#3507 …} $execCounter: -9223372036854775808 } } "debug" => """ * Trying 195.252.129.217:443...\n * Connected to app.eurosoft.net (195.252.129.217) port 443 (#0)\n * ALPN: offers h2,http/1.1\n * CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\n * CApath: /etc/ssl/certs\n * SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384\n * ALPN: server accepted h2\n * Server certificate:\n * subject: CN=app.eurosoft.net\n * start date: Mar 6 14:00:45 2026 GMT\n * expire date: Jun 4 14:00:44 2026 GMT\n * subjectAltName: host "app.eurosoft.net" matched cert's "app.eurosoft.net"\n * issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=R12\n * SSL certificate verify ok.\n * using HTTP/2\n * h2h3 [:method: POST]\n * h2h3 [:path: /esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search]\n * h2h3 [:scheme: https]\n * h2h3 [:authority: app.eurosoft.net]\n * h2h3 [content-type: application/json]\n * h2h3 [es-sessionid: f65b3fa85e7fecee979d09bf95672c5f]\n * h2h3 [accept: /]\n * h2h3 [authorization: Basic SGF1cHRWZXJsYWcwMTpZMChyJEYvaWFkYTY=]\n * h2h3 [user-agent: Symfony HttpClient (Curl)]\n * h2h3 [accept-encoding: gzip]\n * h2h3 [content-length: 2393]\n * Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x5be7e5238fb0)\n > POST /esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search HTTP/2\r\n Host: app.eurosoft.net\r\n content-type: application/json\r\n es-sessionid: f65b3fa85e7fecee979d09bf95672c5f\r\n accept: /\r\n authorization: Basic SGF1cHRWZXJsYWcwMTpZMChyJEYvaWFkYTY=\r\n user-agent: Symfony HttpClient (Curl)\r\n accept-encoding: gzip\r\n content-length: 2393\r\n \r\n * We are completely uploaded and fine\n < HTTP/2 200 \r\n < cache-control: no-cache\r\n < pragma: no-cache\r\n < content-length: 1457\r\n < content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n < expires: -1\r\n < server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0\r\n < x-aspnet-version: 4.0.30319\r\n < x-powered-by: ASP.NET\r\n < date: Sun, 05 Apr 2026 10:36:25 GMT\r\n < \r\n """ ] "url" => "https://app.eurosoft.net/esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search" "response_headers" => [ "HTTP/2 200 " "cache-control: no-cache" "pragma: no-cache" "content-length: 1457" "content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8" "expires: -1" "server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0" "x-aspnet-version: 4.0.30319" "x-powered-by: ASP.NET" "date: Sun, 05 Apr 2026 10:36:25 GMT" ] "response_json" => [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation" "Items" => [ "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaItem, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData]], mscorlib" "$values" => [] ] "FacetFields" => [ "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Collections.Generic.ICollection`1[[System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Int32, mscorlib]], mscorlib]], mscorlib]], mscorlib" ] "NumFound" => 0 "Start" => 0 "MaxScore" => null "Status" => 0 "QTime" => 957 "Params" => null "StatResult" => [ "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib" "EAN" => [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation" "Min" => null "Max" => null "Sum" => null "Count" => 0 "Missing" => 0 "Cardinality" => 0 "SumOfSquares" => null "Mean" => null "StdDev" => null "FacetResults" => [ "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib]], mscorlib" ] ] ] ]]

POST

Request options

[
  "body" => "{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearch, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Query":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaQueryByInList, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","FieldName":"id","List":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":["haupt_verlag@9dd1f7e189884ade8d10a964ab1fc1"]},"Quoted":false},"QueryOptions":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaQueryOptions, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","OrderBy":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSort, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSort, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Field":"Price_Customer","SortOrder":0}]},"ReturnNumFound":true,"StatisticFields":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"Start":0,"Rows":1,"Facet":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaFacetParameter, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Queries":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.IMetaFacetQuery, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"Sort":true,"Limit":100,"Offset":0,"MinCount":0,"Missing":false},"FilterQueries":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.IMetaQuery, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[]},"ExtraParams":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib"}},"CatalogSearchObject":{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalogSearchObject, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","Catalogs":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib","$values":[{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":32,"CatalogName":"","IsUserCatalog":false},{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":31,"CatalogName":"","IsUserCatalog":false,"UseReferenceCatalog":true,"ReferenceCatalogID":8,"ReferenceCatalogName":"","ReferenceIsUserCatalog":false,"References":{"$type":"System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[System.String, mscorlib]], mscorlib","$values":["MEDIA","TEXT"]}},{"$type":"eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaCatalog, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation","CatalogID":1,"CatalogName":"haupt_verlag","IsUserCatalog":true}]},"Behaviour":1},"ConvertCoverUrls":true}"
  "headers" => [
    "Content-Type" => "application/json"
  ]
]

Response

200

[
  "info" => [
    "header_size" => 257
    "request_size" => 307
    "total_time" => 1.05032
    "namelookup_time" => 0.002162
    "connect_time" => 0.016762
    "pretransfer_time" => 0.070187
    "size_upload" => 2393.0
    "size_download" => 1457.0
    "speed_download" => 1387.0
    "speed_upload" => 2278.0
    "download_content_length" => 1457.0
    "upload_content_length" => 2393.0
    "starttransfer_time" => 0.070384
    "primary_ip" => "195.252.129.217"
    "primary_port" => 443
    "local_ip" => "172.19.0.5"
    "local_port" => 36378
    "http_version" => 3
    "protocol" => 2
    "scheme" => "HTTPS"
    "appconnect_time_us" => 69638
    "connect_time_us" => 16762
    "namelookup_time_us" => 2162
    "pretransfer_time_us" => 70187
    "starttransfer_time_us" => 70384
    "total_time_us" => 1050320
    "effective_method" => "POST"
    "capath" => "/etc/ssl/certs"
    "cainfo" => "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
    "start_time" => 1775385385.2066
    "original_url" => "https://app.eurosoft.net/esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search"
    "pause_handler" => Closure(float $duration) {#3710
      class: "Symfony\Component\HttpClient\Response\CurlResponse"
      use: {
        $ch: CurlHandle {#3447 …}
        $multi: Symfony\Component\HttpClient\Internal\CurlClientState {#3507 …}
        $execCounter: -9223372036854775808
      }
    }
    "debug" => """
      *   Trying 195.252.129.217:443...\n
      * Connected to app.eurosoft.net (195.252.129.217) port 443 (#0)\n
      * ALPN: offers h2,http/1.1\n
      *  CAfile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt\n
      *  CApath: /etc/ssl/certs\n
      * SSL connection using TLSv1.2 / ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384\n
      * ALPN: server accepted h2\n
      * Server certificate:\n
      *  subject: CN=app.eurosoft.net\n
      *  start date: Mar  6 14:00:45 2026 GMT\n
      *  expire date: Jun  4 14:00:44 2026 GMT\n
      *  subjectAltName: host "app.eurosoft.net" matched cert's "app.eurosoft.net"\n
      *  issuer: C=US; O=Let's Encrypt; CN=R12\n
      *  SSL certificate verify ok.\n
      * using HTTP/2\n
      * h2h3 [:method: POST]\n
      * h2h3 [:path: /esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search]\n
      * h2h3 [:scheme: https]\n
      * h2h3 [:authority: app.eurosoft.net]\n
      * h2h3 [content-type: application/json]\n
      * h2h3 [es-sessionid: f65b3fa85e7fecee979d09bf95672c5f]\n
      * h2h3 [accept: */*]\n
      * h2h3 [authorization: Basic SGF1cHRWZXJsYWcwMTpZMChyJEYvaWFkYTY=]\n
      * h2h3 [user-agent: Symfony HttpClient (Curl)]\n
      * h2h3 [accept-encoding: gzip]\n
      * h2h3 [content-length: 2393]\n
      * Using Stream ID: 1 (easy handle 0x5be7e5238fb0)\n
      > POST /esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search HTTP/2\r\n
      Host: app.eurosoft.net\r\n
      content-type: application/json\r\n
      es-sessionid: f65b3fa85e7fecee979d09bf95672c5f\r\n
      accept: */*\r\n
      authorization: Basic SGF1cHRWZXJsYWcwMTpZMChyJEYvaWFkYTY=\r\n
      user-agent: Symfony HttpClient (Curl)\r\n
      accept-encoding: gzip\r\n
      content-length: 2393\r\n
      \r\n
      * We are completely uploaded and fine\n
      < HTTP/2 200 \r\n
      < cache-control: no-cache\r\n
      < pragma: no-cache\r\n
      < content-length: 1457\r\n
      < content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8\r\n
      < expires: -1\r\n
      < server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0\r\n
      < x-aspnet-version: 4.0.30319\r\n
      < x-powered-by: ASP.NET\r\n
      < date: Sun, 05 Apr 2026 10:36:25 GMT\r\n
      < \r\n
      """
  ]
  "url" => "https://app.eurosoft.net/esConnectMetaB2/V1/Meta/Search"
  "response_headers" => [
    "HTTP/2 200 "
    "cache-control: no-cache"
    "pragma: no-cache"
    "content-length: 1457"
    "content-type: application/json; charset=utf-8"
    "expires: -1"
    "server: Microsoft-IIS/10.0"
    "x-aspnet-version: 4.0.30319"
    "x-powered-by: ASP.NET"
    "date: Sun, 05 Apr 2026 10:36:25 GMT"
  ]
  "response_json" => [
    "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation"
    "Items" => [
      "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaItem, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData]], mscorlib"
      "$values" => []
    ]
    "FacetFields" => [
      "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Collections.Generic.ICollection`1[[System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Int32, mscorlib]], mscorlib]], mscorlib]], mscorlib"
    ]
    "NumFound" => 0
    "Start" => 0
    "MaxScore" => null
    "Status" => 0
    "QTime" => 957
    "Params" => null
    "StatResult" => [
      "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib"
      "EAN" => [
        "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation"
        "Min" => null
        "Max" => null
        "Sum" => null
        "Count" => 0
        "Missing" => 0
        "Cardinality" => 0
        "SumOfSquares" => null
        "Mean" => null
        "StdDev" => null
        "FacetResults" => [
          "$type" => "System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[eurosoft.esMetaFoundation.esMetaSearchStatResult, eurosoft.esMetaFoundation]], mscorlib]], mscorlib"
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
]

POST	Search
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It particularly explains the institutions of federalism and consensus government through political power sharing. In this new edition, the authors also address several important changes and challenges that have affected Swiss democracy, including the country's relationship with the EU, fiscal equalisation, direct democracy and the legitimacy of national referendums, territorial conflict, as well as the polarisation of party politics." ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 4 "Text" => "1. Introduction.- 2. Building a Multicultural Society by Political Integration.- 3. Federalism.- 4. Direct Democracy.- 5. Consensus Democracy: The Swiss System of Power-Sharing.- 6. Comparative Perspectives.- 7. Switzerland in Europe and the World." ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 0 "Text" => "Wolf Linder is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and former Director of the Institute of Political Science at the University of Bern, Switzerland.\u{A0}He has held professorships in Lausanne and Bern and guest professorships in Geneva and Lucerne. His research has focused on Swiss institutions and politics. His publications include about 150 articles and 15 books.\u{A0}Texts of previous editions of Swiss Democracy have been translated into Polish, Arab, Nepali, Rumanian. On this basis, Linder still works as a lecturer in developing countries, where students as well as politicians are particularly interested in the Swiss experience of decentralisation, federalism and political power sharing Sean Mueller\u{A0} obtained his PhD in Politics & Government from the University of Kent, UK, in 2013. His thesis dealt with decentralisation within the 26 Swiss cantons. Prior to his being in the UK, he worked for two years as Research Fellow at the Institute of Federalism of the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Since 2013, he has been (Senior) Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. He also taught Swiss and Comparative Politics at the Universities of Lausanne (2016, 2017 and again in 2020) and Lucerne (since 2019). He has published extensively on Swiss federalism, direct democracy, and power sharing, and notably co-wrote a new version of the German-language textbook\u{A0} Schweizerische Demokratie with Wolf Linder in 2017." ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 0 "Text" => "This open access book provides an updated and fully revised 4th edition of this authoritative analysis of Swiss democracy. It particularly explains the institutions of federalism and consensus government through political power sharing. In this new edition, the authors also address several important changes and challenges that have affected Swiss democracy, including the country's relationship with the EU, fiscal equalisation, direct democracy and the legitimacy of national referendums, territorial conflict, as well as the polarisation of party politics.\u{A0}Wolf Linder is Professor emeritus of the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. His main areas of research are Swiss politics, direct democracy and Europeanisation. Sean Mueller is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. His main areas of research are Swiss and comparative federalism, power-sharing and direct democracy." ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 14 "Text" => "This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access Fully revised edition of the key reference work on Swiss politics aimed at an international audience Provides an up-to-date account of the origins, operations and effects of Swiss democracy Explains and critically analyses central institutions of the Swiss political system in an accessible manner" ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 9 "Text" => "‘Much can be learned from this study. But the lesson of this book is not: do it like the Swiss, and everything will be fine. Rather: study the history and the institutions of Switzerland, adopt what seems to work and avoid the many pitfalls’. — Jürg Steiner , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA and University of Bern, Switzerland, on the first edition (1994) \u{A0} ‘This new edition of Swiss Democracy lives up to both the far-reaching changes that the Swiss political system has experienced over the past decades under the influence of Europeanization and party system polarization, as well as to the dynamic development of political science research on Swiss politics. It is essential reading for scholars and practitioners alike who are interested in a critical appraisal of the development and dynamic development of Swiss consensus democracy’. — Silja Häusermann , University of Zurich, Switzerland \u{A0} ‘ Swiss Democracy provides a comprehensive and original analysis of the emergence, development, and various definitive features of this unique and complex political system – one characterized by extraordinary diffusion and sharing of powers among branches and levels of government as well as numerous constituencies. The authors explain the particularities of Swiss consensus democracy, federalism, direct democracy, and position in European and international politics, while also providing insightful comparative perspectives and potential lessons. This fourth fully revised edition sheds light on continuity as much as numerous changes and challenges to Swiss policies, politics and polity. It is a must-read for scholars of Swiss politics as well as comparative federalism and government that is also remarkably accessible for students, practitioners and a wider audience’. — Jared Sonnicksen , Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany" ] [ "$type" => "eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData.esMetaText, eurosoft.esMetaCatalog.esMetaData" "TextType" => 0 "Text" => "Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 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                "Text" => "Wolf Linder                  is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and former Director of the Institute of Political Science at the University of Bern, Switzerland.\u{A0}He has held professorships in Lausanne and Bern and guest professorships in Geneva and Lucerne. His research has focused on Swiss institutions and politics. His publications include about 150 articles and 15 books.\u{A0}Texts of previous editions of                  Swiss Democracy                  have been translated into Polish, Arab, Nepali, Rumanian. On this basis, Linder still works as a lecturer in developing countries, where students as well as politicians are particularly interested in the Swiss experience of decentralisation, federalism and political power sharing                 Sean Mueller\u{A0}                 obtained his PhD in Politics & Government from the University of Kent, UK, in 2013. His thesis dealt with decentralisation within the 26 Swiss cantons. Prior to his being in the UK, he worked for two years as Research Fellow at the Institute of Federalism of the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Since 2013, he has been (Senior) Lecturer and Researcher at the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. He also taught Swiss and Comparative Politics at the Universities of Lausanne (2016, 2017 and again in 2020) and Lucerne (since 2019). He has published extensively on Swiss federalism, direct democracy, and power sharing, and notably co-wrote a new version of the German-language textbook\u{A0}                 Schweizerische Demokratie                  with Wolf Linder in 2017."
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                "Text" => "This open access book provides an updated and fully revised 4th edition of this authoritative analysis of Swiss democracy. It particularly explains the institutions of federalism and consensus government through political power sharing. In this new edition, the authors also address several important changes and challenges that have affected Swiss democracy, including the country's relationship with the EU, fiscal equalisation, direct democracy and the legitimacy of national referendums, territorial conflict, as well as the polarisation of party politics.\u{A0}Wolf Linder                      is Professor emeritus of the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. His main areas of research are Swiss politics, direct democracy and Europeanisation.                 Sean Mueller                  is Senior Researcher at the Institute of Political Science, University of Berne, Switzerland. His main areas of research are Swiss and comparative federalism, power-sharing and direct democracy."
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                "Text" => "This book is open access, which means that you have free and unlimited access Fully revised edition of the key reference work on Swiss politics aimed at an international audience Provides an up-to-date account of the origins, operations and effects of Swiss democracy Explains and critically analyses central institutions of the Swiss political system in an accessible manner"
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                "Text" => "‘Much can be learned from this study. But the lesson of this book is not: do it like the Swiss, and everything will be fine. Rather: study the history and the institutions of Switzerland, adopt what seems to work and avoid the many pitfalls’.                     —                     Jürg Steiner                     , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA and University of Bern, Switzerland, on the first edition (1994)                     \u{A0}                 ‘This new edition of                  Swiss Democracy                  lives up to both the far-reaching changes that the Swiss political system has experienced over the past decades under the influence of Europeanization and party system polarization, as well as to the dynamic development of political science research on Swiss politics. It is essential reading for scholars and practitioners alike who are interested in a critical appraisal of the development and dynamic development of Swiss consensus democracy’.                                      —                     Silja Häusermann                     , University of Zurich, Switzerland                                  \u{A0}                                      ‘                     Swiss Democracy                      provides a comprehensive and original analysis of the emergence, development, and various definitive features of this unique and complex political system – one characterized by extraordinary diffusion and sharing of powers among branches and levels of government as well as numerous constituencies. The authors explain the particularities of Swiss consensus democracy, federalism, direct democracy, and position in European and international politics, while also providing insightful comparative perspectives and potential lessons. This fourth fully revised edition sheds light on continuity as much as numerous changes and challenges to Swiss policies, politics and polity. It is a must-read for scholars of Swiss politics as well as comparative federalism and government that is also remarkably accessible for students, practitioners and a wider audience’.                                      —                     Jared Sonnicksen                     , Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany"
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